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of or relating to , its inhabitants, or their languages.
Zoogeography. belonging to a geographical division comprising , New Zealand, Tasmania, Celebes, the Moluccas, Papua New Guinea, and adjacent smaller islands.
Phytogeography. belonging or pertaining to a geographical division comprising and Tasmania.
a native or inhabitant of .
an Aborigine of .
the phylum of languages spoken by the Aborigines of , consisting of more than a hundred languages.
Abbreviation: Austral, Austral.
Contemporary Examples

An Australian woman in her late twenties told me she was an “honorary Jew” with no actual Jewish heritage.
I Ate Potato Pancakes Til I Plotzed Emily Shire December 16, 2014

The Japanese yen, the euro, and the Australian dollar also fell slightly against the dollar.
Report: Kim Jong-un Halts Military Exercises The Daily Beast December 20, 2011

When L.A. Confidential came out, many people might not even have known you were Australian.
The Great Character Actor: Guy Pearce on His Brilliant Career, From ‘Priscilla’ to ‘The Rover’ Richard Porton May 22, 2014

In 2010, Isabella told an Australian magazine that she sees Kidman “sometimes.”
Why Katie Holmes May Win Custody Nancy Hass July 6, 2012

The station is already serving two five-year license probations after serious breaches of the Australian regulator’s code.
Tragedy As Receptionist Who Connected Kate Middleton Prank Callers Commits Suicide Tom Sykes December 6, 2012

Historical Examples

The Dunbar fiend is inseparable from Australian coasting steamers.
While the Billy Boils Henry Lawson

The Australian lady set her down as a well-preserved forty at least.
Jan and Her Job L. Allen Harker

What chance had it of doing so; the Australian merely turned over and said, “Why the blanky blank should I get up?”
The Awful Australian Valerie Desmond

They were accompanied by the Australian cruisers Melbourne and Sydney.
The Story of the Great War, Volume II (of VIII) Various

The Australian embargo, dust-storms in the steppes of Russia, rumors of war, all had contributed to send prices soaring.
The Fighting Shepherdess
Caroline Lockhart

noun
a native or inhabitant of Australia
the form of English spoken in Australia
a linguistic phylum consisting of the languages spoken by the native Australians
adjective
of, relating to, or characteristic of Australia, the Australians, or their form of English
of, relating to, or belonging to the phylum of languages spoken by the native Australians
of or denoting a zoogeographical region consisting of Australia, New Zealand, Polynesia, New Guinea, and the Moluccas
n.

1690s, in reference to aboriginal inhabitants, from Australia + -an. As an adjective by 1814. Australianism in speech is attested from 1891.