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[cheyn] /tʃeɪn/

noun
1.
Sir Ernst Boris
[urnst,, ernst] /ɜrnst,, ɛrnst/ (Show IPA), 1906–79, English biochemist, born in Germany: Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945.
/tʃeɪn/
noun
1.
a flexible length of metal links, used for confining, connecting, pulling, etc, or in jewellery
2.
(usually pl) anything that confines, fetters, or restrains: the chains of poverty
3.
(usually pl) Also called snow chains. a set of metal links that fit over the tyre of a motor vehicle to increase traction and reduce skidding on an icy surface
4.

5.
a series of related or connected facts, events, etc
6.
a series of deals in which each depends on a purchaser selling before being able to buy
7.
(of reasoning) a sequence of arguments each of which takes the conclusion of the preceding as a premise See (as an example) sorites
8.
Also called Gunter’s chain. a unit of length equal to 22 yards
9.
Also called engineer’s chain. a unit of length equal to 100 feet
10.
(chem) two or more atoms or groups bonded together so that the configuration of the resulting molecule, ion, or radical resembles a chain See also open chain, ring1 (sense 18)
11.
(geography) a series of natural features, esp approximately parallel mountain ranges
12.
(Austral & NZ, informal) off the chain, free from responsibility
13.
(informal) jerk someone’s chain, yank someone’s chain, to tease, mislead, or harass someone
verb
14.
(surveying) to measure with a chain or tape
15.
(transitive) often foll by up. to confine, tie, or make fast with or as if with a chain
16.
to sew using chain stitch
/tʃeɪn/
noun
1.
Sir Ernst Boris. 1906–79, British biochemist, born in Germany: purified and adapted penicillin for clinical use; with Fleming and Florey shared the Nobel prize for physiology or medicine 1945
n.

c.1300, from Old French chaeine “chain” (12c., Modern French chaîne), from Latin catena “chain” (source also of Spanish cadena, Italian catena), of unknown origin, perhaps from PIE root *kat- “to twist, twine” (cf. Latin cassis “hunting net, snare”).

Figurative use from c.1600. As a type of ornament worn about the neck, from late 14c. Chain of stores is American English, 1846. Chain gang is from 1834; chain reaction is from 1916 in physics, specific nuclear physics sense is from 1938; chain mail first recorded 1822, in Scott, from mail (n.2). Before that, mail alone sufficed. Chain letter recorded from 1892; usually to raise money at first; decried from the start as a nuisance.

Nine out of every ten givers are reluctant and unwilling, and are coerced into giving through the awful fear of “breaking the chain,” so that the spirit of charity is woefully absent. [“St. Nicholas” magazine, vol. XXVI, April 1899]

Chain smoker is attested from 1886, originally of Bismarck (who smoked cigars), thus probably a loan-translation of German Kettenraucher. Chain-smoking is from 1930.

v.

late 14c., “to bar with a chain; to put (someone) in chains,” also “to link things together,” from chain (n.). Related: Chained; chaining.

chain (chān)
n.

Chain (chān), Ernst Boris. 1906-1979.

German-born British biochemist. He shared a 1945 Nobel Prize for isolating and purifying penicillin, discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming.
chain
(chān)
A group of atoms, often of the same element, bound together in a line, branched line, or ring to form a molecule. ◇ In a straight chain, each of the constituent atoms is attached to other single atoms, not to groups of atoms. ◇ In a branched chain, side groups are attached to the chain. ◇ In a closed chain, the atoms are arranged in the shape of a ring.

Related Terms

ball-and-chain, daisy chain, pull someone’s chain

(1.) A part of the insignia of office. A chain of gold was placed about Joseph’s neck (Gen. 41:42); and one was promised to Daniel (5:7). It is used as a symbol of sovereignty (Ezek. 16:11). The breast-plate of the high-priest was fastened to the ephod by golden chains (Ex. 39:17, 21). (2.) It was used as an ornament (Prov. 1:9; Cant. 1:10). The Midianites adorned the necks of their camels with chains (Judg. 8:21, 26). (3.) Chains were also used as fetters wherewith prisoners were bound (Judg. 16:21; 2 Sam. 3:34; 2 Kings 25:7; Jer. 39:7). Paul was in this manner bound to a Roman soldier (Acts 28:20; Eph. 6:20; 2 Tim. 1:16). Sometimes, for the sake of greater security, the prisoner was attached by two chains to two soldiers, as in the case of Peter (Acts 12:6).