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a permanent cardiac or arterial dilatation usually caused by weakening of the vessel wall.
Contemporary Examples

GWS happens to have an apartment in East London, which, upon hearing, nearly gave her posh West End pals an aneurysm.
Gal With a Suitcase Jolie Hunt November 20, 2009

His account of his second aneurysm and a round of invasive surgery is frightening and moving.
Why Some Memoirs Are Better As Fiction Taylor Antrim January 18, 2010

The episode employs the tried and true conceit: a character has an aneurysm and begins hallucinating his life as a musical.
‘American Horror Story’ Sings “The Name Game” and 12 Other Bizarre TV Musical Numbers (VIDEO) Kevin Fallon January 7, 2013

Historical Examples

Those most suitable for ligation are cases in which the aneurysm is circumscribed and globular (Sheen).
Manual of Surgery Alexis Thomson and Alexander Miles

The section on aneurysm of the aorta remains one of the best ever written.
The Evolution of Modern Medicine William Osler

Sudden fatal syncope is not infrequent in cases of aneurysm of the thoracic aorta.
Manual of Surgery Alexis Thomson and Alexander Miles

A very rare complication of the fibroid degeneration of the heart muscle is aneurysm of the heart wall.
Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: Louis Marshall Warfield

An aneurysm is a sac communicating with an artery, and containing fluid or coagulated blood.
Manual of Surgery Alexis Thomson and Alexander Miles

On the face of it, an aneurysm which is false is not an aneurysm, any more than a false bank-note is legal tender.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1 Various

aneurysm by Anastomosis is the name applied to a vascular tumour in which the arteries, veins, and capillaries are all involved.
Manual of Surgery Alexis Thomson and Alexander Miles

noun
a sac formed by abnormal dilation of the weakened wall of a blood vessel
n.

early 15c., from Medieval Latin aneurisma, from Greek aneurysmos “dilation,” from aneurynein “to dilate,” from ana- “up” (see ana-) + eurynein “widen,” from eurys “broad, wide,” from PIE root *were- “wide, broad” (cf. Sanskrit uruh “broad, wide”).

aneurysm an·eu·rysm or an·eu·rism (ān’yə-rĭz’əm)
n.
A localized, blood-filled dilation of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel wall.
an’eu·rys’mal (-məl) or an’eu·ris·mat’ic (-māt’ĭk) adj.
aneurysm
(ān’yə-rĭz’əm)
A localized, blood-filled dilation of a blood vessel or cardiac chamber caused by disease, such as arteriosclerosis, or weakening of the vessel or chamber wall. A ruptured aneurysm results in hemorrhage and is often fatal.