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Also called Octavian (before 27 b.c.)(Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus; Augustus Caesar) 63 b.c.–a.d. 14, first Roman emperor 27 b.c.–a.d. 14: reformer, patron of arts and literature; heir and successor to Julius Caesar.
a title of office given to rulers of the Roman Republic after Octavianus.
a male given name.
Contemporary Examples

A big cake requires a big festival, and Augustus was happy to comply.
One Cake to Rule Them All: How Stollen Stole Our Hearts Molly Hannon December 23, 2014

Never have two people been more in love than Augustus Waters and Hazel Grace Lancaster, and now one of them is about to die.
Ranking the Saddest Scenes in ‘The Fault in Our Stars’ Kevin Fallon June 8, 2014

Another Maximus factor is the august Roman -us ending, with other names like Atticus, Cassius, Augustus and Magnus heating up.
Top Baby Names of the Future Pamela Redmond Satran/Nameberry, Linda Rosenkrantz December 10, 2009

Augustus, also known as Augustus the Strong, was a party-boy, and loved any excuse to celebrate.
One Cake to Rule Them All: How Stollen Stole Our Hearts Molly Hannon December 23, 2014

Historical Examples

And here let me observe, lest I forget it, to say, that Augustus lived three years in this city.
A Year’s Journey through France and Part of Spain, Volume II (of 2) Philip Thicknesse

Miss Pecksniff only spoke to her Augustus, and to him in whispers.
Life And Adventures Of Martin Chuzzlewit Charles Dickens

The Etrurian language perished between the age of Augustus and that of Julian.
The Poetical Works of Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, Bart. M.P. Edward Bulwer Lytton

Augustus has not been introduced to any of my relations now present.
Life And Adventures Of Martin Chuzzlewit Charles Dickens

Suetonius also informs us that Augustus only allowed barley to the troops that had misbehaved in action.
Curiosities of Medical Experience J. G. (John Gideon) Millingen

Wait till you see Augustus, and I am sure he will conciliate your affections.’
Life And Adventures Of Martin Chuzzlewit Charles Dickens

noun
original name Gaius Octavianus; after his adoption by Julius Caesar (44 bc) known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus. 63 bc–14 ad, Roman statesman, a member of the second triumvirate (43 bc). After defeating Mark Antony at Actium (31 bc), he became first emperor of Rome, adopting the title Augustus (27 bc)

masc. proper name, from Latin augustus “venerable” (see august). The name originally was a cognomen applied to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus as emperor, with a sense something like “his majesty.”

the cognomen of the first Roman emperor, C. Julius Caesar Octavianus, during whose reign Christ was born (Luke 2:1). His decree that “all the world should be taxed” was the divinely ordered occasion of Jesus’ being born, according to prophecy (Micah 5:2), in Bethlehem. This name being simply a title meaning “majesty” or “venerable,” first given to him by the senate (B.C. 27), was borne by succeeding emperors. Before his death (A.D. 14) he associated Tiberius with him in the empire (Luke 3:1), by whom he was succeeded.