AMC (arthrogryposis multiplex congenita)

AMC (arthrogryposis multiplex congenita): AMC stands for arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, a disorder that develops before birth (prenatal) is evident at birth (congenital) and involves limited mobility of many (multiple) joints.

In AMC, the range of motion of the joints in the arms and legs is usually limited or fixed. Joints affected in AMC may include the shoulders, elbows, wrists and fingers and the hips, knees, ankles, and feet — virtually any and all joints.

The impairment of joint mobility in AMC is often accompanied by overgrowth (proliferation) of fibrous tissue in the joints (fibrous ankylosis).

AMC was once thought to be a single disease. It is clearly many.

The mechanisms responsible for AMC are presumed to be the same as for all arthrogryposis, irrespective of the number of joints involved, and are thought to include:

Neurologic deficits
Muscle defects
Connective tissue and skeletal defects
Fetal crowding or fetal constraint
Maternal neuromuscular diseases — myotonic dystrophy and myasthenia gravis.

Arthrogryposis means crooking of the joint. It comes from the Greek “arthro-“, joint + “gryposis “, crooking. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita can be translated (very roughly) as “lots of crooked joints at birth.”