Checkpoint
Checkpoint: A surveillance system responsible for monitoring the proper completion of an event within a cell. Cells contain a number of such systems. When a checkpoint system detects the failure of an event, it signals and calls for the inhibition of events downstream to the failure. These surveillance systems are termed checkpoints because they represent stages in the cell cycle at which the cell checks to be certain it is okay to proceed. Checkpoints control the order and timing of cell cycle transitions and ensure that critical events, such as DNA replication and chromosome segregation, are completed with high fidelity.
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- Cheek
Cheek: The side of the face, which forms the side wall of the mouth. The cheekbone is part of the temporal bone of the skull, and it provides the prominence of the cheek. The term cheek also refers to something that has the form of the human cheek, particularly with two laterally paired parts, such […]
- Cheilitis
Cheilitis: Inflammation of the lips or of a lip. Cheilitis can also be spelled chilitis. Angular cheilitis is inflammation and fissuring radiating from the commissures (angles) of the mouth secondary to predisposing factors such as nutritional deficiencies, atopic dermatitis, or Candida albicans (yeast) infection. Also called angular stomatitis, commissural cheilitis, or perlèche.
- Cheiroarthropathy
Cheiroarthropathy: A syndrome of limited joint mobility that occurs in patients with diabetes. Cheiroarthropathy is characterized by thickening of the skin resulting in contracture of the fingers. Cheiroarthropathy causes such limited motion of the fingers that the affected individual is unable to extend the fingers to fully flatten the hand. Typically both hands are affected […]
- CHEK2
CHEK2: A gene on chromosome 22q that encodes a kinase enzyme and influences a person’s susceptibility to breast cancer. A variant (allele) of CHEK2 that abolishes its kinase activity results in a 2-fold increase in the risk of breast cancer for women and a 10-fold increase in risk for men. The CHEK2 kinase is at […]
- Chekhov, Anton
Chekhov, Anton: (1860-1904) “Russia’s most famous physician” and greatest dramatist. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov graduated from the Medical Faculty of Moscow University in 1884 and practiced medicine throughout much of his short remaining life. In 1890 Chekhov on his own undertook a medical census of the convicts in the Sakhalin Island penal colony. During the famine […]