Congenital arthrogryposis
Congenital arthrogryposis: Nonprogressive congenital contractures that develop before birth and are evident at birth (congenital). The contractures are characterized by reduced mobility of many (multiple) joints. Congenital arthrogryposis is also called arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC).
In AMC the range of motion of the joints in the arms and legs is usually limited or fixed. Joints affected may include the shoulders, elbows, wrists and fingers and the hips, knees, ankles, and feet — virtually any and all joints.
The impairment of joint mobility is often accompanied by overgrowth (proliferation) of fibrous tissue in the joints (fibrous ankylosis).
AMC was once thought to be a single disease. It is clearly many. The mechanisms responsible for AMC are presumed to be the same as for all arthrogryposis, irrespective of the number of joints involved:
Neurologic deficits
Muscle defects
Connective tissue and skeletal defects
Fetal crowding or fetal constraint
Maternal neuromuscular diseases — myotonic dystrophy and myasthenia gravis.
Arthrogryposis means crooking of the joint. It comes from the Greek “arthro-“, joint + “gryposis “, crooking.
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