Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in which there a family history of the disease. Familial ALS constitutes 5 to 10% of all cases of ALS. There are a number of different types of familial ALS.
They are known as ALS1, ALS2, and so on.
ALS1 — caused by mutation in the superoxide dismutase-1 gene (SOD1) on chromosome 21q22.1. About 15 to 20% of familial ALS is type 1 (ALS1). Sporadic cases of ALS are sometimes due to new mutation in the SOD1 gene.
ALS2 — juvenile-onset ALS caused by mutation in the gene encoding alsin on chromosome 2q33;
ALS3 — adult-onset ALS due to mutation in a gene on chromosome 18q21;
ALS4 — juvenile-onset disease with no bulbar involvement due to mutations in a gene on chromosome 9q34;
ALS5 — due to mutations in a gene on chromosome 15q15.1-q21.1;
ALS6 — due to mutations in a gene on chromosome 16q12;
ALS7 — due to mutations in a gene on chromosome 20ptel;
ALS8 — due to mutations in a gene on chromosome 20q13.33.
ALS1, ALS3, ALS4, ALS6, ALS7, and ALS8 are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner while ALS2 and ALS5 are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
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