Hypoparathyroidism
Underfunction of the parathyroid glands with deficient production of the hormone parathormone which leads to low blood calcium (hypocalcemia). The parathyroid glands are located adjacent to the thyroid gland. They may be missing due to a birth defect, impaired by autoimmune disease, or surgically removed during thyroid surgery. Treatment is with oral calcium supplements and oral vitamin D. Oral vitamin D increases the gut absorption of calcium in the diet and helps to maintain normal blood calcium levels.
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- Hypoosmolarity
In biochemistry, an abnormal decrease in the osmolarity of the body fluids.
- Hypophosphatemia
A lower-than-normal level of phosphate in the blood. Hypophosphatemia can be associated with a number of conditions including bone diseases and hormone conditions. Symptoms occur only when hypophosphatemia is very severe and include muscle weakness that may progress to coma and death.
- Hypoplasia
Underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or an organ. For example, hypoplasia of the enamel of the teeth indicates that the enamel coating is thinner than normal or missing in some but not all areas. Hypoplasia is less drastic than aplasia, where there is no development of a tissue or an organ at all.
- Hypoplasia, syndromatic hepatic ductular
Also called Alagille syndrome or arteriohepatic dysplasia, this is a genetic disorder characterized by jaundice in the newborn period, liver disease with cholestasis, peripheral pulmonic stenosis and unusual face. Children with Alagille syndrome usually present with jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) in the newborn period. Cholestasis (stagnant flow of bile […]
- Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
A form of congenital heart disease in which the whole left half of the heart (including the aorta , aortic valve, left ventricle and mitral valve) is underdeveloped (hypoplastic). Blood returning from the lungs has to flow through an opening in the wall between the upper chambers of the heart (an atrial septal defect). The […]