Major gene
A gene that is necessary and sufficient by itself to cause a condition. For example, the APC gene is a major gene for colorectal cancer.
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- Major histocompatibility complex
Abbreviated MHC. A cluster of genes located on chromosome 6 concerned with antigen production and critical to the success of transplantation. The MHC includes the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes.
- Malabsorption
Poor intestinal absorption of nutrients. Malabsorption can occur from diseases that injure the bowels, such as Crohn’s disease, Whipple’s disease, celiac disease, and many others.
- Malacia
Softening. For example, osteomalacia is softening of bone, usually due to deficiency of calcium and vitamin D.
- Malaise
A vague feeling of discomfort, one that cannot be pinned down but is often sensed as ‘just not right.’
- Malar
Referring to the cheek. For example, a malar rash is a rash that appears over the cheeks.