Mitochondrial
//ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosome=MT>
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- Mitochondrial disease
A mutation in the mitochondrial chromosome that is responsible for a disease. Known mitochondrial diseases include the eye disease Leber hereditary optic atrophy; myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF); and mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome (MELAS syndrome).
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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) describes a gradual degeneration in brain function due to repeated head injuries that causes both concussions with symptoms and concussions that are asymptomatic (do not cause symptoms). Once the initial symptoms of concussion have faded, months and years later, new symptoms occur. CTE symptoms start slowly and creep up on the […]
- Mitochondrial DNA
The DNA of the mitochondria. Abbreviated mtDNA. There are 2 to 10 copies of the mtDNA genome in each mitochondrion. The mtDNA molecule is double-stranded and circular. It is very small compared to the chromosomes in the nucleus, and so it contains only a limited number of genes. It is specialized in the information it […]
- Mitochondrial encephalopathy, MELAS
An eye disease called Leber’s hereditary optic atrophy; and A type of epilepsy called MERRF which stands for Myoclonus Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers. The mitochondria, as mentioned, are normal structures located outside the nucleus in the cell’s cytoplasm. Each mitochondrion has a chromosome made of DNA that is quite different from the better known […]
- Mitochondrial genome
The sum of the genetic information contained in the chromosome of the mitochondrion, a structure located in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus of the cell. The mitochondrial genome is composed of mitochondrial DNA (mDNA), a double-stranded circular molecule that contains a limited number of genes. During fertilization, mDNA is transmitted only by the mother. Together, […]