National Academies
Collectively, the four National Academies of the United States — the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council.
The National Academy of Sciences was created in 1863 by a congressional charter approved by President Abraham Lincoln at the height of the Civil War. Scientific issues became even more contentious and complex in the years following the war. To keep pace with the growing importance of science and technology, the institution that was founded in 1863 eventually expanded to include the National Research Council in 1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the Institute of Medicine in 1970. Collectively, these organizations are called the National Academies.
The Academies and the Institute are honorary societies that elect new members to their ranks each year. Membership is professionally prestigious.
The Institute of Medicine conducts policy studies on health issues but most of the science-policy and technical work of the National Academies is conducted by its operating arm, the National Research Council, created expressly for this purpose. These non-profit organizations provide a public service by working outside the framework of government to ensure independent advice on matters of science, technology, and medicine. They enlist committees of the nation’s top scientists, engineers, and other experts — all of whom volunteer their time to study specific concerns. The results of their deliberations have led to some of America’s most significant and lasting efforts to improve the health, education, and welfare of the population.
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- National board exams
the Federation Licensing Examination (FLEX) and the certifying examinations of the NBME, Parts I, II, and III. USMLE provides a common evaluation system for all applicants for medical licensure. Results of the USMLE are reported to medical licensing authorities in the United States for use in granting the initial license to practice medicine.
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)
One of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the U.S., whose mission is to “lead a national effort to reduce the burden of cancer morbidity and mortality and ultimately to prevent the disease. Through basic and clinical biomedical research and training, NCI conducts and supports programs to understand the causes of cancer; prevent, detect, […]
- National Cholesterol Education Program
NCEP. A program designed to reduce illness and death from coronary heart disease (CHD) in the US by reducing the percentage of Americans with high blood cholesterol. Through educational efforts directed at health professionals and the public, the NCEP aims to raise awareness and understanding about high blood cholesterol as a risk factor for CHD […]
- National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)
biomedical technology, clinical research, comparative medicine, and research infrastructure.”
- National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship
Declaration of Principles Principle 1 People with cancer have the right to a system of universal health care. This access should not be precluded because of preexisting conditions, genetic or other risk factors, or employment status. Principle 2 Quality cancer care should be available in a health care system whose standards and guidelines are developed […]