Trunk bones


The 51 trunk bones consist of 26 vertebrae, 24 ribs, and the sternum. The 26 vertebrae comprise 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar vertebrae, plus the sacrum and the coccyx. The 24 ribs comprise 14 true ribs, 6 false ribs, and 4 floating ribs. The sternum is the breastbone. Along with the bones of the head, also known as axial bones.

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    The tuberous sclerosis 1 gene. The product of the TSC1 gene is a protein called hamartin. This protein interacts with tuberin, the product of the TSC2 gene. These two proteins form a complex and play a role in cell growth and division. TSC1 functions as a tumor suppressor gene. Mutation in the TSC1 gene causes […]

  • TSC2

    The tuberous sclerosis 2 gene. The product of the TSC2 gene is a protein called tuberin. This protein interacts with hamartin, the product of the TSC1 gene. These two proteins form a complex and play a role in cell growth and division. The complex of these two proteins also controls how materials are transported within […]

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  • TSH

    Thyroid stimulating hormone.

  • TSH receptor

    The receptor for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which is also called thyrotropin. Encoded by a gene on chromosome 14q, TSHR is largest of all known glycoprotein hormone receptors. It is one of the primary antigens in autoimmune thyroid disease. Autoantibodies to TSHR act as TSH agonists in Graves’ disease and as TSH antagonists in Hashimoto […]


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