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Also, Azerbaidzhan. Formerly Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. a republic in Transcaucasia, N of Iran and W of the Caspian Sea. 33,430 sq. mi. (86,600 sq. km).
Capital: Baku.
a region of NW Iran, divided into two provinces in 1938: East Azerbaijan (
Capital: Orumiyeh).
Contemporary Examples

The next place to watch for riots, or other kind of Russian meddling, is unknown, but my money is on Azerbaijan.
The Afghanistan-Kyrgyzstan Connection Thomas Goltz June 18, 2010

(Agencies, Ynet) Israel denies it has access to Azerbaijan air bases (Haaretz) For the full News from Israel.
What Azeri Air Bases? Orly Halpern April 23, 2012

Spain, France, Croatia, even Azerbaijan, were quick to the rescue.
Israel’s Inferno Fania Oz-Salzberger December 4, 2010

[The Cut] Azerbaijan Buys Fashion Real Estate: Azerbaijan (the country) has scooped up some serious fashion property.
PPR Invests in Christopher Kane, Olivia Wilde’s Ginormous Engagement Ring The Fashion Beast Team January 14, 2013

The horses from Oman were flown over in two planeloads, while a team from Azerbaijan drove to Windsor in a 17-day road trip.
First Major Jubilee Show Kicks Off in Windsor Tom Sykes May 10, 2012

Historical Examples

The armies of the Turks occupied some of the finest parts of the province of Irak and all Azerbaijan.
The Great Events by Famous Historians, v. 13 Various

He hastened to Azerbaijan, where the same success attended him.
The Great Events by Famous Historians, v. 13 Various

Azerbaijan is an appanage of the Vali Ahd (the Persian heir-apparent).
The Cradle of Mankind W.A. Wigram

The district of Baku lies within the limits of the new Republic of Azerbaijan.
The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 3 Various

Azerbaijan (a˙-zer-bī-jn), a province of North-Western Persia; area, 40,000 sq. miles; pop.
The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 3 Various

noun
a republic in NW Asia: the region was acquired by Russia from Persia in the early 19th century; became the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936 and gained independence in 1991; consists of dry subtropical steppes around the Aras and Kura rivers, surrounded by the Caucasus; contains the extensive Baku oilfields. Language: Azerbaijani (or Azeri). Religion: Shiite Muslim. Currency: manat. Capital: Baku. Pop: 9 590 159 (2013 est). Area: 86 600 sq km (33 430 sq miles)
a mountainous region of NW Iran, separated from the republic of Azerbaijan by the Aras River: divided administratively into Eastern Azerbaijan and Western Azerbaijan. Capitals: Tabriz and Orumiyeh. Pop: 2 119 524 (2002 est)

country name, of unknown origin, perhaps from Old Persian Aturpatakan, from Greek Atropatene, from the Persian satrap Atropates, who ruled there in the time of Alexander the Great; or from local azer “fire” + baydjan (Iranian baykan) “guardian,” in reference to fire-worship.
Azerbaijan [(az-uhr-beye-jahn, ah-zuhr-beye-jahn)]

Republic in southwestern Asia, bordered to the north by Georgia and Russia, to the east by the Caspian Sea, to the south by Iran, and to the west by Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Baku.

Note: This former member of the Soviet Union declared its independence in 1991.

Note: Predominantly Muslim, Azerbaijan has been involved in an often violent dispute with Armenia, its predominantly Christian neighbor, over Nagorno-Karabakh, a mainly Armenian region of Azerbaijan.

Note: The country possesses valuable oil reserves.