Ablaut
(in indo-european languages) regular alternation in the internal phonological structure of a word element, especially alternation of a vowel, that is coordinated with a change in grammatical function or combination, as in english sing, sang, sung, song; apophony.
historical examples
the strong verbs form their preterite (originally the perfect) and past participle by means of ablaut ( 12).
a middle high german primer joseph wright
noun
(linguistics) vowel gradation, esp in indo-european languages see gradation (sense 5)
n.
“systematic vowel alteration in the root of a word to indicate shades of meaning or tense,” a characteristic of indo-european languages, 1849, from german ablaut, literally “off-sound,” coined by j.p. zweigel in 1568 from ab “off” + laut “sound, tone,” from old high german hlut (see listen). popularized by jacob grimm.
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