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something or someone that is not in its correct historical or chronological time, especially a thing or person that belongs to an earlier time:
The sword is an anachronism in modern warfare.
an error in chronology in which a person, object, event, etc., is assigned a date or period other than the correct one:
To assign Michelangelo to the 14th century is an anachronism.
Contemporary Examples

These days, says another former top studio executive, puts are an anachronism.
Murdoch’s Next Move Kim Masters February 23, 2009

Historical Examples

Notice the anachronism of the transfer of the mediaeval sport to legendary Greece.
Palamon and Arcite John Dryden

Tell me, dear lady, how does it feel to be married to an anachronism?
The Great Hunger Johan Bojer

This constant introduction of Pasquino must not be taken as involving any anachronism.
Diversions in Sicily H. Festing Jones

A vestige, an anachronism, handed down from centuries before.
Life Sentence James McConnell

She not unjustly objected to Claverhouse’s use of the word “sentimental” as an anachronism.
Old Mortality, Complete, Illustrated Sir Walter Scott

He is truly a prodigy of a man, and, so far as to-day is concerned, an anachronism.
The Mutiny of the Elsinore Jack London

He felt sometimes as if he were an anachronism, an officer of nineteen-fourteen who had miraculously lasted four years.
H.M.S. —- Klaxon

Who could be troubled by the anachronism in the book being of modern shape?
The New Hudson Shakespeare: Julius Caesar William Shakespeare

In Spain, it is true, vultures serve a useful office as scavengers; yet in modern Europe they surely seem an anachronism.
Wild Spain (Espaa agreste) Abel Chapman

noun
the representation of an event, person, or thing in a historical context in which it could not have occurred or existed
a person or thing that belongs or seems to belong to another time: she regards the Church as an anachronism
n.

1640s, “an error in computing time or finding dates,” from Latin anachronismus, from Greek anakhronismos, from anakhronizein “refer to wrong time,” from ana- “against” (see ana-) + khronos “time” (see chrono-). Meaning “something out of harmony with the present” first recorded 1816.