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of or relating to the .
of or relating to the region of , its inhabitants, or their culture.
Geology. of or relating to the orogeny and accompanying intrusion that occurred in eastern North America during the Pennsylvanian and Permian periods.
a native or inhabitant of , especially one of predominantly Scotch-Irish, English, or German ancestry who exemplifies the characteristic cultural traditions of this region.
a mountain range in E North America, extending from S Quebec province to N Alabama. Highest peak, Mt. Mitchell, 6684 feet (2037 meters).
Contemporary Examples

I didn’t want anyone to say I was hiking the Appalachian Trail.
D.C.’s New Beefcake Maureen O’Connor October 13, 2009

The spine of the Appalachian Mountains is being obliterated to gouge out the seams of black coal.
Chris Hedges and Joe Sacco Chronicle Mining Catastrophes in West Virginia Chris Hedges, Joe Sacco June 13, 2012

At 19, she hiked the Appalachian Trail with friends and went to work on a cattle ranch in Texas.
Spies, Lies, and Rape in the Air Force: An Undercover Agent’s Story Jacob Siegel March 3, 2014

Reading the Encyclopedia Brittanica while walking the Appalachian Trail!
Smoke ‘Em If You Got A Good Story About ‘Em Kevin Bleyer June 5, 2014

Sanford, the ex-South Carolina governor who claimed to be hiking the Appalachian trail, just became a Fox News commentator.
Bill Richardson, Herman Cain, Jerry Sandusky: Sex Scandal Saturation Howard Kurtz December 1, 2011

Historical Examples

Harrisburg stands in the centre of the great Appalachian Valley, where it is bisected by the broad Susquehanna.
America, Volume II (of 6) Joel Cook

The largest and best is the Appalachian, of which the best known is the Pennsylvania field.
Checking the Waste Mary Huston Gregory

They were beginning to enter the Appalachian Mountains, and more of natural beauty promised to be visible.
Secrets of the Andes James H. Foster

In the United States the largest horizon is that of the Appalachian region.
Commercial Geography Jacques W. Redway

In Appalachian America the races still maintain a sort of social contact.
The Journal of Negro History, Vol. I. Jan. 1916 Various

adjective
of, from, or relating to the Appalachian Mountains
(geology) of or relating to an episode of mountain building in the late Palaeozoic era during which the Appalachian Mountains were formed
plural noun
a mountain system of E North America, extending from Quebec province in Canada to central Alabama in the US: contains rich deposits of anthracite, bitumen, and iron ore. Highest peak: Mount Mitchell, 2038 m (6684 ft)

in reference to the North American mountain range, c.1600, Mountaynes Apalatsi; written apalachen by Spanish explorers and originally in reference only to the southern end of the range. Originally the name of the Apalachee, a Muskogean people of northwestern Florida, perhaps from Apalachee abalahci “other side of the river” or Hitchiti (Muskogean) apalwahči “dwelling on one side.” Spelling shifted under influence of adjectives in -ian.
Appalachian Mountains [(ap-uh-lay-chuhn, ap-uh-lach-uhn)]

Mountain chain in the eastern United States, extending from the valley of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada, to the coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico in Alabama.

Note: Location of the Appalachian Trail, the world’s longest continuous hiking path. It extends over two thousand miles from Maine to Georgia.

Note: Historically, the Appalachian Mountains were a barrier to early western expansion. In the early 1840s, railroads began to transport settlers across the mountains, permitting access to the frontier.