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a person chosen to decide a dispute or settle differences, especially one formally empowered to examine the facts and decide the issue.
Historical Examples

Arbiter elegantiarum—The arbitrator of elegances; 25 the master of the ceremonies.
Dictionary of Quotations from Ancient and Modern, English and Foreign Sources James Wood

He occupied all governmental offices, and was the arbitrator of domestic life.
Mizora: A Prophecy Mary E. Bradley

The two have a sharp dispute, which is summed up by sop as arbitrator.
Swift Leslie Stephen

For how should they choose an enemy in arms to be arbitrator?
The Geography of Strabo, Volume II (of 3) Strabo

The doctor left him for a moment outside while he interviewed the arbitrator of his fate.
Under the Rebel’s Reign Charles Neufeld

Yes, very likely there would be if they had not appointed me as arbitrator.
The Corsican Brothers Alexandre Dumas

But few people would guess the arbitrator of whom I made choice.
The Confessions of J. J. Rousseau, Complete Jean Jacques Rousseau

President Hayes was the arbitrator and he decided in favour of Paraguay in 1878.
The South American Republics Part I of II Thomas C. Dawson

What arbitrator shall I call in to judge of your resentment, and of my punishment?
The History of Rome; Books Nine to Twenty-Six Titus Livius

Kings and princes dreaded him, and accepted him as arbitrator in their quarrels.
Mellifont Abbey, Co. Louth Anonymous

n.

early 15c., from Old French arbitratour (13c.), from Latin arbitrator “a spectator, hearer, witness, judge,” agent noun from past participle stem of arbitrari, from arbiter (see arbiter). The legal form of popular arbiter; in modern usage, an arbiter makes decisions of his own accord and is accountable to no one but himself; an arbitrator (early 15c.) decides issues referred to him by the parties.