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to make larger; enlarge in size, number, strength, or extent; increase:
His salary is augmented by a small inheritance.
Music.

to raise (the upper note of an interval or chord) by a half step.
to double the note values of (a theme):
In the fugue’s development the subject is augmented.

Grammar. to add an augment to.
Heraldry. to grant an augmentation to (a coat of arms).
to become larger.
Grammar. a prefixed vowel or a lengthening of the initial vowel that characterizes certain forms in the nonpresent inflection of verbs in Greek, Sanskrit, Armenian, and Phrygian.
Contemporary Examples

For most Americans, Social Security isn’t augmenting private saving; private saving is (just barely) augmenting Social Security.
Why Not Make Social Security Benefits Even More Generous Megan McArdle March 7, 2013

Today, Krugman weighs in, augmenting a point I made and then making yet another point.
More on Obama and Reagan Michael Tomasky June 7, 2012

Historical Examples

At the sight of this resolution, each one asked himself whether Charles, instead of curing the disease, was not augmenting it.
History of the Great Reformation, Volume IV J. H. Merle D’Aubign

In fact, he found his anger receding rather than augmenting.
One Day’s Courtship Robert Barr

His design was to conquer the world, and his policy was to unite all parties in augmenting the national strength.
Monks, Popes, and their Political Intrigues John Alberger

Others, more reverent, suffer the agony of augmenting shines.
A Book of Burlesques H. L. Mencken

Now the augmenting mists had shut off all the rest of the world.
The Best Short Stories of 1919 Various

Comparison is in every case a sure method of augmenting our esteem of any thing.
A Treatise of Human Nature David Hume

I have already said that, in passing through the cloud, the netting would gather moisture, augmenting the weight of the balloon.
Up in the Clouds R.M. Ballantyne

Thus, the ratio is augmenting in Illinois, and decreasing in Missouri.
The Continental Monthly, Vol 3 No 3, March 1863 Various

verb (ɔːɡˈmɛnt)
to make or become greater in number, amount, strength, etc; increase
(transitive) (music) to increase (a major or perfect interval) by a semitone Compare diminish (sense 3)
(transitive) (in Greek and Sanskrit grammar) to prefix a vowel or diphthong to (a verb) to form a past tense
noun (ˈɔːɡmɛnt)
(in Greek and Sanskrit grammar) a vowel or diphthong prefixed to a verb to form a past tense
v.

c.1400, from Old French augmenter “increase, enhance” (14c.), from Late Latin augmentare “to increase,” from Latin augmentum “an increase,” from augere “to increase, make big, enlarge, enrich,” from PIE root *aug- “to increase” (cf. Sanskrit ojas- “strength;” Lithuanian augu “to grow,” aukstas “high, of superior rank;” Greek auxo “increase,” auxein “to increase;” Gothic aukan “to grow, increase;” Old English eacien “to increase”). Related: Augmented; augmenting. As a noun from early 15c.