Childhood translocation 11 leukemia
Childhood translocation 11 leukemia: A new type of childhood leukemia in which a piece of chromosome 11 has been translocated (broken off and attached itself to another chromosome). Children with this type of leukemia have a particularly poor prognosis (outlook). They usually have very high white blood counts and a high frequency of central nervous system disease. They do not respond at all well to the standard therapies for ALL (acute lymphoblastic or lymphocytic leukemia) and often suffer from early relapse after chemotherapy. Translocations affecting chromosome 11 at position 11q23affect the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene. MLL+ acute leukemia has a different gene expression profile from that of ALL and AML- hence its name. Frequency of the MLL+ state is as high as 80% in infants with acute leukemia who are less than 6 months of age, and is still relatively common at 6 months to 1 year of age. After that its frequency decreases with increasing age though it may still affect 3% to 4% of adults with acute leukemias. The translocation is not always easy to detect on conventional chromosome analysis and other techniques may be needed. MLL+ or chromosome 11 childhood leukemia is a distinct entity, and is not a subset of ALL. It requires variations on conventional treatment approaches.
Read Also:
- Children of the dark
Children of the dark: Term applied sometimes to children with xeroderma pigmentosum, a genetic disease with such extraordinary sensitivity to sunlight that ordinary sun exposure results in the development of skin cancer at a very early age. Children with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) can only play outdoors safely after nightfall.
- Children of the night
Children of the night: Term applied sometimes to children with xeroderma pigmentosum, a genetic disease with such extraordinary sensitivity to sunlight that ordinary sun exposure results in the development of skin cancer at a very early age. Children with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) can only play outdoors safely after nightfall.
- Children's immunizations
Vaccinations given to children. In the US, it is currently recommended that all children receive vaccination against the following unless the child has special circumstances, such as a compromised immune system or a neurological disorder: Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough), as separate vaccinations or in combination as DPT Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) Hepatitis […]
- Chills
Chills: feelings of coldness accompanied by shivering. Chills may develop after exposure to a cold environment or may accompany a fever.
- Chimera
Chimera: In medicine, a person composed of two genetically distinct types of cells. Human chimeras were first discovered with the advent of blood typing when it was found that some people had more than one blood type. Most of them proved to be “blood chimeras” — non-identical twins who shared a blood supply in the […]