Enzyme replacement
Enzyme replacement: A strategy designed to replace missing enzyme activity in a patient. This strategy currently involves the administration of a purified protein (the enzyme) by intravenous infusion.
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- Enzyme, lysosomal
Enzyme, lysosomal: An enzyme in an organelle (a little organ) called the lysosome within the cell. Lysosomal enzymes degrade (break down) macromolecules (large molecules) and other materials (such as bacteria) that have been taken up by the cell during the process of endocytosis. In endocytosis, macromolecules and particles from outside the cell are taken up […]
- Enzyme, restriction
Enzyme, restriction: An enzyme from bacteria that can recognize specific base sequences in DNA and cut the DNA at that site (the restriction site). A restriction enzyme acts as a biochemical scissors. Also called a restriction endonuclease. Bacteria use restriction enzymes to defend against bacterial viruses called bacteriophages (or phage). When a phage infects a […]
- Enzyme, Warburg's yellow
Enzyme, Warburg’s yellow: A key respiratory enzyme discovered by the German biochemist Otto Heinrich Warburg (1883-1970), a pioneer in research on the respiration of cells and the metabolism of tumors. Warburg’s yellow enzyme is a flavoprotein that catalyzes an oxidation-reduction reaction that is necessary for normal breathing, or use of oxygen, of cells. Warburg won […]
- Enzymes
Enzymes: Proteins that act as a catalysts in mediating and speeding a specific chemical reaction.
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): ELISA stands for “enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.” This is a rapid immunochemical test that involves an enzyme (a protein that catalyzes a biochemical reaction). It also involves an antibody or antigen (immunologic molecules). ELISA tests are utilized to detect substances that have antigenic properties, primarily proteins (as opposed to small molecules and […]