Spondylitis
Inflammation of one or more of the vertebrae of the spine. Diffuse inflammation of the spine is seen, for example, in the disease ankylosing spondylitis. Localized spondylitis is seen with infections of a certain area of the spine, such as in Pott’s disease (tuberculosis of the spine).
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- Spondylolisthesis
Forward movement of one vertebra in relationship to an adjacent vertebra.
- Spondylolysis
The breaking down (dissolution) of a portion of a vertebra. The affected portion of the vertebra is a bone segment called the pars interarticularis, which can separate. Spondylolysis can be a cause of abnormal movement of the spine (spondylolisthesis) and lead to localized back pain.
- Spondylosis
Degeneration of the disc spaces between the vertebrae. Spondylosis is common with aging and affects virtually everyone to some degree after the age of 60 years. When severe, it can cause local pain and decreased range of motion of the spine, requiring pain and/or anti-inflammatory medications.
- Spongiform
Resembling a sponge in being soft and full of cavities, as in as in transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.
- Spongiform encephalopathy and cerebral amyloidosis
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome.