Abkhaz
abkhaz /æpˈhɑ z/3 (sometimes spelled abxaz; аҧсуа бызшәа) is a northwest caucasian language spoken mostly by the abkhaz people. it is the official language of abkhaziaa where around 100,000 people speak it.1 furthermore, it is spoken by thousands of members of the abkhazian diaspora in turkey, georgia’s autonomous republic of adjara, syria, jordan and several western countries. the russian census of 2010 reported 6,786 speakers of abkhaz in russia.4
abkhaz is spoken primarily in abkhazia. abkhaz is also spoken by members of the large abkhaz muhajir diaspora, mainly located in turkey with smaller groups living in syria, iraq and jordan; georgia’s autonomous republic of adjara; throughout the former ussr (e.g. armenia and the ukraine) and through more recent emigration in western countries such as germany, the netherlands and the united states. however, the exact number of abkhaz speakers in these countries remains unknown due to a lack of official records.
abkhaz is generally viewed as having three major dialects:
abzhywa, spoken in the caucasus, and named after the historical area of abzhywa (абжьыуа), sometimes referred to as abzhui, the russified form of the name (“abzhuiski dialekt”, derived from the russian form of the name for the area, абжуа).
bzyb or bzyp, spoken in the caucasus and in turkey, and named after the bzyb (abkhaz бзыҧ) area.
sadz, nowadays spoken only in turkey, formerly also spoken between the rivers bzyp and khosta.
the literary abkhaz language is based on the abzhywa dialect.
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