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the method or process of computation with figures: the most elementary branch of mathematics.
Also called higher arithmetic, theoretical arithmetic. the theory of numbers; the study of the divisibility of whole numbers, the remainders after division, etc.
a book on this subject.
Also, arithmetical. of or relating to arithmetic.
Historical Examples

Now here, with an arithmetical exactitude of demonstration, he perceived that Marjorie wasn’t.
Marriage H. G. Wells

His wealth increased not in arithmetical but in geometrical progression.
Godfrey Morgan Jules Verne

These squares may be formed with numbers that are in arithmetical progression, or that are not in such progression.
The Canterbury Puzzles Henry Ernest Dudeney

There are forces in the world which work, not in an arithmetical, but in a geometrical ratio of increase.
The Republic Plato

By this machine, which is called a Swan-pan, arithmetical operations are rendered palpable.
Travels in China, Containing Descriptions, Observations, and Comparisons, Made and Collected in the Course of a Short Residence at the Imperial Palace of Yuen-Min-Yuen, and on a Subsequent Journey through the Country from Pekin to Canton John Barrow

You should put this sort of thing into the hands of some arithmetical hireling.
The Belovd Vagabond William J. Locke

The reader may by now feel rather helpless before the problem of the arrangement of arithmetical subject matter.
The Psychology of Arithmetic Edward L. Thorndike

These are questions which cannot be solved by arithmetical calculation.
The Diplomatic Correspondence of the American Revolution, Volume XII Various

It should not be thought, however, that every exposure on bromide paper must involve an arithmetical calculation.
Bromide Printing and Enlarging John A. Tennant

Society is not merely an arithmetical total, or a collective designation.
Instigations Ezra Pound

noun
the branch of mathematics concerned with numerical calculations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
one or more calculations involving numerical operations
knowledge of or skill in using arithmetic: his arithmetic is good
adjective (ˌærɪθˈmɛtɪk)
of, relating to, or using arithmetic
adj.

1540s; see arithmetic + -al (1). Related: Arithmetically (late 15c.).
n.

mid-13c., arsmetike, from Old French arsmetique (12c.), from Latin arithmetica, from Greek arithmetike (tekhne) “(the) counting (art),” fem. of arithmetikos “of or for reckoning, arithmetical,” from arithmos “number, counting, amount,” from PIE root *re(i)- “to reason, count” (cf. Old English, Old High German rim “number;” Old Irish rim “number,” dorimu “I count;” Latin ritus “religious custom;” see read).

Originally in English also arsmetrik, on folk etymology from Medieval Latin ars metrica; spelling corrected early 16c. Replaced native tælcræft, literally “tell-craft.”
arithmetic
(ə-rĭth’mĭ-tĭk)
The mathematics of integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers under the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.