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a mountain gazelle of Arabia, Gazella gazella arabica : almost extinct.
(in Shakespeare’s Tempest) a spirit of the air who is required to use his magic to help Prospero.
Astronomy. one of the moons of the planet Uranus.
Aerospace. one of a series of British satellites that studied the ionosphere, cosmic rays, and x-rays.
Also, Arielle
[ar-ee-el, air-] /ˌær iˈɛl, ˌɛər-/ (Show IPA). a female given name.
a male given name.
Contemporary Examples

The interiority of Frederick Clegg is something we rarely find elsewhere, certainly not in the case of ariel Castro.
How to Understand the Criminal Mind By Reading This Novel Casey N. Cep December 5, 2013

ariel Investments President Mellody Hobson interviews Alfred Rascon, a U.S. Army veteran and Medal of Honor recipient.
Profile in Courage: An Interview with Medal of Honor Recipient Alfred Rascon November 14, 2012

“ariel Hsing’s match was the highlight of the Olympics for me,” NBC table-tennis commentator Ari Wolfe told me.
Ping-Pong: America’s Most Overlooked Sport? Matt Simon August 11, 2012

From the outset, the effort to upgrade ariel College has been driven primarily by political, rather than academic, considerations.
Ariel versus Academia Dov Waxman June 10, 2012

ariel Sharon tried another iron fist, which he called Operation Defensive Shield.
How to Fight Hamas Bernard Avishai January 3, 2009

Historical Examples

By this time Professor ariel had reached the lower end of his ladder.
A Republic Without a President and Other Stories Herbert Ward

Let her go as ariel, all gauze, flesh-tints, and natural curves.
Camps, Quarters and Casual Places Archibald Forbes

Thought will be the agent of his ministries; which the poet has so marvellously portrayed in its personification as ariel.
The Arena Various

The same day that the Julia entered, the ariel left the river.
The Expedition to Borneo of H.M.S. Dido Henry Keppel

The ariel had gone down in the storm, with all hands on board.
The Life and Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, Volume I (of 2) Florence A. Thomas Marshall

noun
an Arabian gazelle, Gazella arabica (or dama)
noun
the smallest of the four large satellites of Uranus

1382, in the Wyclif Bible, a word taken untranslated from the Vulgate, from Greek ariel (Sept.), from Hebrew ariel; in later Bibles, translated as “altar.”

(Gesenius would here translate “fire-hearth of God,” after Arab. arr; elsewhere in O.T. the same word occurs as a man’s name, and appellation of Jerusalem, where it is taken as = “lion of God.”) Ariel in T. Heywood and Milton is the name of an angel, in Shakespeare of “an Ayrie spirit”; in Astron. of one of the satellites of Uranus. [OED]

As the name of a species of gazelle found in the Middle East, 1832, from Arabic aryil, variant of ayyil “stag.”

language
An array-oriented language for the CDC 6400.
[“Ariel Reference Manual”, P. Devel, TR 22, CC UC Berkeley, Apr 1968].
[“A New Survey of the Ariel Programming Language”, P. Deuel, TR 4, Ariel Consortium, UC Berkeley, June 1972].
[Deuel or Devel?]
(1995-12-29)

the lion of God. (1.) One of the chief men sent by Ezra to procure Levites for the sanctuary (Ezra 8:16). (2.) A symbolic name for Jerusalem (Isa. 29:1, 2, 7) as “victorious under God,” and in Ezek. 43:15, 16, for the altar (marg., Heb. ‘ariel) of burnt offerings, the secret of Israel’s lion-like strength.